Search | Engineering

订阅投稿

首页工程期刊工程焦点工程成就工程前沿关于我们 English

资源类型

期刊论文 232

会议视频 6

会议信息 1

年份

2024 2

2023 14

2022 22

2021 18

2020 17

2019 14

2018 14

2017 12

2016 14

2015 11

2014 8

2013 9

2012 10

2011 12

2010 10

2009 10

2008 2

2007 10

2006 8

2005 3

展开︾

关键词

安全性 7

安全 6

安全系数 5

质量安全 5

事故预防 3

食品安全 3

农业科学 2

农产品 2

城市规划 2

大坝 2

安全保障 2

安全监测 2

安全设计 2

安全评价 2

核安全 2

特力阿扎维林 2

管理 2

2008年北京奥运 1

ACP1000 1

展开︾

检索范围：

排序：展示方式：

SMRs – overview, international developments, safety features and the GRS simulation chain

《能源前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第4期页码 793-809 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0751-2

摘要： The Gesellschaft für Anlagen- und Reaktorsicherheit (GRS) gGmbH as the main technical support organization for the German Federal Government in nuclear safety has been dealing with small modular reactors (SMRs) for about one decade since SMRs are one interesting option for new builds in most countries worldwide which continue to use nuclear energy for commercial electricity production. Currently four different SMR designs are in operation, four in construction, one is licensed, and further 12 are in a licensing process. In this paper, definitions, history, and current developments of SMRs are presented. Subsequently, selected trends of SMR development such as factory fabrication and transport, compactness and modularity, core design, improved core cooling, exclusion of accidents, features for preventing and limiting the impact of severe accidents, economic viability, competitiveness and licensing are discussed. Modeling gaps of the GRS simulation chain programs with a view to applications in nuclear licensing procedures are identified and a strategy for closing these gaps is presented. Finally, selected work on the extension and improvement of the simulation chain and first generic test analyses are presented.

关键词： small modular reactors (SMRs) history recent developments safety aspects simulation chain of the Gesellschaft für Anlagen- und Reaktorsicherheit (GRS)

HTML PDF 收藏

水库大坝的安全问题和已建大坝的抗震安全性

Martin Wieland

《工程（英文）》 2016年第2卷第3期页码 325-331 doi: 10.1016/J.ENG.2016.03.011

摘要：

对任何蓄水大坝工程的基本性能要求都是安全性，它包括以下安全要素：①结构安全性；②大坝安全监控；③运行安全和维护；④应急计划。长期安全包括：首先，分析影响项目的所有灾害，即自然环境灾害、人造环境灾害、特定项目和特定场地灾害。本文讨论的是大坝地震安全的特点。大坝是自20 世纪30 年代以来最早开始进行系统性抗震结构设计的建筑物，但由于多数大坝设计采用的是现今认为已过时的地震设计标准和动态分析方法，因此无法了解那些老坝的地震安全性。因此，需要基于当前最新做法，重新评估已建坝的地震安全性，并改造有缺陷的大坝。通常建议对大坝进行特定场地的地震危险性分析。当前的大坝以及用于控制强震后水库安全的设施必须能承受安全评估地震的地面运动。地震动参数可以利用概率或确定性地震危险性分析确定。强震作用下，大坝可能发生非弹性变形，因此需要在时域内进行地震分析。此外，地震对大坝造成的危害包括地面震动、断层移动、块体移动等。工程师所需的地面运动并非实际的地震地面运动，而是地面运动模型，用以进行大坝的抗震安全设计。同时必须牢记，在大坝较长的生命周期内，需要进行多次大坝安全评估。

关键词：大坝抗震设计地震安全性已建坝设计标准地震灾害可持续性使用寿命

HTML PDF 收藏

Risk aspects of knowledge management

David OLSON

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2020年第7卷第2期页码 301-303 doi: 10.1007/s42524-019-0087-3

HTML PDF 收藏

Research on polyhydroxyalkanoates and glycogen transformations: Key aspects to biologic nitrogen and

Hongjing LI, Yinguang CHEN

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2011年第5卷第2期页码 283-290 doi: 10.1007/s11783-010-0243-9

摘要： In this paper, a study was conducted on the effect of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) and glycogen transformations on biologic nitrogen and phosphorus removal in low dissolved oxygen (DO) systems. Two laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactors (SBR1 and SBR2) were operating with anaerobic/aerobic (low DO, 0.15–0.45 mg·L ) configurations, which cultured a propionic to acetic acid ratio (molar carbon ratio) of 1.0 and 2.0, respectively. Fewer poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB), total PHA, and glycogen transformations were observed with the increase of propionic/acetic acid, along with more poly-3-hydroxyvalerate (PHV) and poly-3-hydroxy-2-methyvalerate (PH2MV) shifts. The total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiency was 68% and 82% in SBR1 and SBR2, respectively. In the two SBRs, the soluble ortho-phosphate (SOP) removal efficiency was 94% and 99%, and the average sludge polyphosphate (poly-P) content (g·g-MLVSS ) was 8.3% and 10.2%, respectively. Thus, the propionic to acetic acid ratio of the influent greatly influenced the PHA form and quantity, glycogen transformation, and poly-P contained in activated sludge and further determined TN and SOP removal efficiency. Moreover, significant correlations between the SOP removal rate and the (PHV+ PH2MV)/PHA ratio were observed ( >0.99). Accordingly, PHA and glycogen transformations should be taken into account as key components for optimizing anaerobic/aerobic (low DO) biologic nitrogen and phosphorus removal systems.

关键词： low dissolved oxygen (DO) biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) glycogen

HTML PDF 收藏

Treatability aspects of urban stormwater stressors

Anthony N. TAFURI, Richard FIELD

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第5期页码 631-637 doi: 10.1007/s11783-012-0420-0

摘要： Pollution from diffuse sources (pollution from contaminants picked up and carried into surface waters by stormwater runoff) has been identified as a significant source of water quality problems in the U.S. scientists and engineers continue to seek solutions that will allow them to optimize existing technologies and develop new ones that will provide the best possible protection to people, wildlife, and the environment. This paper addresses the various pollutants or stressors in urban stormwater, including flow (shear force), pathogens, suspended solids/sediment, toxicants (organic and metals), nutrients, oxygen demanding substances, and coarse solids. A broad overview of the pollutants removed and the removal mechanisms by and of conventional best management practices (BMPs) is also presented. The principal treatment mechanisms of conventional wet ponds, vegetative swales/buffer strips, and wetlands are sedimentation and filtration. These mechanisms have the capability to remove significant amounts of suspended solids or particulate matter and are a vital component of strategies to reduce pollutant loads to receiving waters. In addition, because most of the nation’s receiving water violations are caused by pathogen indicator bacteria, it is of utmost importance that research efforts address this problem. Further research is also needed on the treatment of emerging contaminants in BMPs and on the costs and affects of maintenance and maintenance schedules on the long-term performance of BMPs.

关键词： stormwater wet weather flow urban runoff

HTML PDF 收藏

针对无人机系统安全的新型层级式软件架构 Special Feature on Intelligent Robats

Xiao-rui ZHU, Chen LIANG, Zhen-guo YIN, Zhong SHAO, Meng-qi LIU, Hao CHEN

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第20卷第3期页码 353-362 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1800636

摘要：提出一种覆盖底层源代码到上层用户任务代码的新型层级式软件架构，用于提高无人机系统安全性与可靠性。每个软件模块采用形式化验证方法，验证其源代码是否符合设计规范，软件模块基于经过形式化验证的操作系统内核（certified kit operating system，CertiKOS），防止无人机由于意外软件故障而坠毁。考虑到无人机的机载传感器会对系统可靠性产生显著影响，对驱动传感器SPI总线与I2C总线形式化验证，并针对总线异常情况设计完成相关实验。实验结果表明，该软件架构能够有效提高无人机系统安全性与可靠性。

关键词：安全关键系统；无人机；软件架构；形式化验证

HTML PDF 收藏

Implementation aspects of a phase-field approach for brittle fracture

G. D. HUYNH, X. ZHUANG, H. NGUYEN-XUAN

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第2期页码 417-428 doi: 10.1007/s11709-018-0477-3

摘要： This paper provides a comprehensive overview of a phase-field model of fracture in solid mechanics setting. We start reviewing the potential energy governing the whole process of fracture including crack initiation, branching or merging. Then, a discretization of system of equation is derived, in which the key aspect is that for the correctness of fracture phenomena, a split into tensile and compressive terms of the strain energy is performed, which allows crack to occur in tension, not in compression. For numerical analysis, standard finite element shape functions are used for both primary fields including displacements and phase field. A staggered scheme which solves the two fields of the problem separately is utilized for solution step and illustrated with a segment of Python code.

关键词： phase-field modeling FEM staggered scheme fracture

HTML PDF 收藏

Molecular aspects of MERS-CoV

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第3期页码 365-377 doi: 10.1007/s11684-017-0521-z

摘要：

Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a betacoronavirus which can cause acute respiratory distress in humans and is associated with a relatively high mortality rate. Since it was first identified in a patient who died in a Jeddah hospital in 2012, the World Health Organization has been notified of 1735 laboratory-confirmed cases from 27 countries, including 628 deaths. Most cases have occurred in Saudi Arabia. MERS-CoV ancestors may be found in Old World bats of the Vespertilionidae family. After a proposed bat to camel switching event, transmission of MERS-CoV to humans is likely to have been the result of multiple zoonotic transfers from dromedary camels. Human-to-human transmission appears to require close contact with infected persons, with outbreaks mainly occurring in hospital environments. Outbreaks have been associated with inadequate infection prevention and control implementation, resulting in recommendations on basic and more advanced infection prevention and control measures by the World Health Organization, and issuing of government guidelines based on these recommendations in affected countries including Saudi Arabia. Evolutionary changes in the virus, particularly in the viral spike protein which mediates virus-host cell contact may potentially increase transmission of this virus. Efforts are on-going to identify specific evidence-based therapies or vaccines. The broad-spectrum antiviral nitazoxanide has been shown to have in vitro activity against MERS-CoV. Synthetic peptides and candidate vaccines based on regions of the spike protein have shown promise in rodent and non-human primate models. GLS-5300, a prophylactic DNA-plasmid vaccine encoding S protein, is the first MERS-CoV vaccine to be tested in humans, while monoclonal antibody, m336 has given promising results in animal models and has potential for use in outbreak situations.

关键词： MERS-CoV Saudi Arabia spike protein transmission evolution vaccine

HTML PDF 收藏

Eco-innovative design approach: Integrating quality and environmental aspects in prioritizing and solving

null

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2014年第9卷第3期页码 203-217 doi: 10.1007/s11465-014-0308-8

摘要：

This study proposes an eco-innovative design process taking into consideration quality and environmental aspects in prioritizing and solving technical engineering problems. This approach provides a synergy between the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), the non-quality matrix, the Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (TRIZ), morphological analysis and the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). In the sequence of these tools, LCA assesses the environmental impacts generated by the system. Then, for a better consideration of environmental aspects, a new tool is developed, the non-quality matrix, which defines the problem to be solved first from an environmental point of view. The TRIZ method allows the generation of new concepts and contradiction resolution. Then, the morphological analysis offers the possibility of extending the search space of solutions in a design problem in a systematic way. Finally, the AHP identifies the promising solution(s) by providing a clear logic for the choice made. Their usefulness has been demonstrated through their application to a case study involving a centrifugal spreader with spinning discs.

关键词： eco-innovation non-quality matrix TRIZ composted product spreading

HTML PDF 收藏

Aspects of rock permeability

Lianyang ZHANG

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第2期页码 102-116 doi: 10.1007/s11709-013-0201-2

摘要： Effective evaluation of rock permeability is required in different energy, engineering and environmental projects. Although much research has been conducted on rock permeability, it is still one of the most difficult tasks for practicing rock engineers to accurately determine rock permeability. Based on a comprehensive literature review, this paper outlines the key aspects of rock permeability by presenting the representative values of the permeability of different rocks, describing the empirical and semi-empirical correlations for estimating the permeability of rocks, and discussing the main factors affecting the permeability of rocks. The factors discussed include stress, depth, temperature, and discontinuity intensity and aperture. This paper also highlights the scale effect on rock permeability, interconnectivity of discontinuities, and anisotropy of rock permeability. This paper provides the fundamental and essential information required for effective evaluation of rock permeability.

关键词： rock permeability discontinuity stress temperature scale effect anisotropy

HTML PDF 收藏

大坝风险分析的计算方法：进展和挑战

Ignacio Escuder-Bueno,Guido Mazzà,Adrián Morales-Torres,Jesica T. Castillo-Rodríguez

《工程（英文）》 2016年第2卷第3期页码 319-324 doi: 10.1016/J.ENG.2016.03.005

摘要：

近年来，风险分析技术日渐成为大坝安全管理的有效工具。本文系统总结了由国际大坝委员会大坝分析和设计计算专家委员会主办的基准研讨会中与大坝风险分析主题相关的三方面研究成果。2011 年，基准研讨会讨论了估算重力坝滑动破坏模式下的溃坝概率等问题；2013 年，会议讨论了大坝风险分析中后果评估在计算方面所面临的挑战；2015 年，会议对土石坝滑动和漫顶破坏的概率进行了分析。从这三次会议关于大坝风险分析数值计算的研究进展可以发现，对于大坝系统的风险分析，包括下游后果评价以及结构模型的不确定性，风险分析方法都是非常有用的工具。

关键词：大坝风险分析计算方法安全管理水工结构

HTML PDF 收藏

half-cell of a cerium redox flow battery using computational fluid dynamics: Mathematical and modelling aspects

Fernando F. Rivera, Berenice Miranda-Alcántara, Germán Orozco, Carlos Ponce de León, Luis F. Arenas

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第2期页码 399-409 doi: 10.1007/s11705-020-1934-9

摘要： Description of electrolyte fluid dynamics in the electrode compartments by mathematical models can be a powerful tool in the development of redox flow batteries (RFBs) and other electrochemical reactors. In order to determine their predictive capability, turbulent Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) and free flow plus porous media (Brinkman) models were applied to compute local fluid velocities taking place in a rectangular channel electrochemical flow cell used as the positive half-cell of a cerium-based RFB for laboratory studies. Two different platinized titanium electrodes were considered, a plate plus a turbulence promoter and an expanded metal mesh. Calculated pressure drop was validated against experimental data obtained with typical cerium electrolytes. It was found that the pressure drop values were better described by the RANS approach, whereas the validity of Brinkman equations was strongly dependent on porosity and permeability values of the porous media.

关键词： CFD simulation porous media porous electrode pressure drop redox flow battery

HTML PDF 收藏

Urban design based on public safety-Discussion on safety-based urban design

Kaizhen CAI, Jianguo WANG

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第2期页码 219-227 doi: 10.1007/s11709-009-0023-4

摘要： Because of public safety problems in construction of urban surroundings, this paper expounds the necessity of the study on public safety-based urban design in perspective of modern city. It brings forward the concept of safety-based urban design and attempts to explore the basic connotation and contents with framework for studies.

关键词： urban public safety urban design safety-based urban design

HTML PDF 收藏

权力网络主导力的动态变化研究 Personal View

Yu-xian LIU, Ronald ROUSSEAU

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第21卷第4期页码 635-648 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1800553

摘要：本文试图对权力结构主导力的变化进行测度。权力结构用有向网络表示。设计类似测度不平等性劳伦茨曲线的曲线测度权力结构主导力，并研究网络动态变化引起这种曲线的变化情况。网络结构的动态变化通过增加链接和节点表示；这类变化在商业管理、政治和社会互动等很多领域都有潜在应用，因而有必要研究。提供有向无环网络权力结构的几个例子，并计算在既有简单网络加上节点后，测度权力结构主导力指标（D-measure）的变化情况。

关键词：主导力；权力结构；有向图；网络变化

HTML PDF 收藏

中国食品安全科技发展方向讨论

魏益民,吴永宁,周乃元,潘家荣

《中国工程科学》 2005年第7卷第11期页码 1-4

摘要：

从发展国家食品安全战略，强化国家食品安全科技的角度，提出中国食品安全科技优先发展的四大方向，即风险分析是食品安全科技战略的首选领域；“从农田到餐桌”整体控制体系是食品安全全程控制技术和操作规范的理论基础，是实施食品安全管理的重要技术手段；检测监测技术是预警、预防、应急的技术依据，应集中力量开发一批内控和标准检验必须的快速检测技术和标准检测技术；以政府、生产者、消费者为责任人主体的管理理念是食品安全管理的基本原则，食品链上的所有责任人应在保障食品质量和安全的问题上主动承担责任。

关键词：食品安全科技战略发展方向